#SECTION#
Temporal
#SECTION_END#
 
#OWNER#djheller@wam.umd.edu#OWNER_END#

#AUTHOR#
Heller, Dan (<A HREF="mailto:djheller@wam.umd.edu">djheller@wam.umd.edu</A>)
#AUTHOR_END#

#AUTHOR#
Meyer, Jeff (<A HREF="mailto:jmeyer@cs.umd.edu">jmeyer@cs.umd.edu</A>)
#AUTHOR_END#

#ALL_AUTHOR#
<A HREF="mailto:djheller@wam.umd.edu,jmeyer@cs.umd.edu">djheller@wam.umd.edu,jmeyer@cs.umd.edu</A>
#ALL_AUTHOR_END#

#BACKGROUND#
Throughout the history of computer information retrieval, timelines
have been represented as simple lists.  However, this approach can be
improved through the use of techniques which take into account other
information which can be gleaned from this data.  The use of temporal
information visualization has two fundamental qualities that
distinguish it from standard simple lists: (1) the fact that temporal
events can be either simultaneous or overlapping and (2) the
underlying multiple scales of temporal data which require both precise
and gross measurements (ranging from one second to multiple
centuries).
#BACKGROUND_END#

#BACKGROUND#
Some examples of temporal visualization include animations, project
timelines, lifelong timelines, video representation, and video
manipulation. Each of these examples takes data that is modified over
time and presents views that can be quickly and dynamically altered
based upon the specific time frame and information that is desired for
viewing.  This allows the user to have greater control over the
information than was presented in a typical static rendering of the
data.  Specifically, the user can manipulate time and change the
temporal order of the information being viewed so they can find new
patterns and/or visions.
#BACKGROUND_END#

#USER#
Medical diagnosis for the spread of disease through a <A
HREF="http://coho.stanford.edu/~hassan/Personal/vh.html">visible
hospital</A>
#USER_END#

#USER#
Project management tools
#USER_END#

#USER#
Video editing tools
#USER_END#

#TASK#
Viewing events or data in sequence and/or varying the order of those
events or data.
#TASK_END#

#TASK#
Manipulating hypothetical planning of personal or corporate activities.
#TASK_END#

#TASK#
Viewing and creating historical overviews of events or data.
#TASK_END#

#TASK#
Finding temporal inconsistencies and/or undesirable relationships in
events or data.
#TASK_END#

#CITATION#
Allen, J.F. Maintaining knowledge about temporal
intervals. Communications of the ACM, 26(11), 832-843, 1983.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Ueda, Hirotada, Miyatake, Takafumi, Sumina, Shigeo, and Nagasaka,
Akio. Automatic structure visualization for video editing. CHI '93:
Conference proceedings on Human factors in computing systems, pages
137-141, 1993.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Repenning, Alex and Sumner, Tamara. Programming as problem solving: a
participatory theater approach. AVI '94: Proceedings of the workshop
on Advanced visual interfaces, pages 182-191, 1994.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Akutsu, A., Tonomura, Y. Video tomography: an efficient method for
camera work extraction and motion analysis. Proceedings of the second
ACM international conference on Multimedia '94, pages 349-356, 1994.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Hibino, Stacie L. <A
HREF="http://krusty.eecs.umich.edu/people/hibino/thesis.html">A
Multimedia Interactive Visualization Environment for Exploration and
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Video Data (thesis)</a>.University of Michigan.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Hassan, Scott, Kahn, Michael, John, Thomas.<A
HREF="http://coho.stanford.edu/~hassan/Personal/vh.html">A
3-Dimensional Medical Data Visualization of Temporal/Spatial
Relationships</a>Washington University.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Kullberg, Robin. <A
HREF="http://robin.www.media.mit.edu/people/robin/chi96/rlk_text.htm">Dynamic
Timelines:Visualizing the History of Photography</A>MIT Media
Laboratory.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Stephan, Eva-Maria <A
HREF="http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/conf/SANTA_FE_CD-ROM/sf_papers/stephan_evamarie/abstract.html">
Visually Exploring Mutual Relationships in Environmental Data </A>
University of Zurich.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Plaisant. Catherine, Milash, Brett, Rose, Anne, Widoff, Seth,
Shneiderman, Ben. <A
HREF="http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi96/proceedings/papers/Plaisant/cps1txt.htm">
LifeLines: Visualizing Personal Histories</A> CHI 96 Electronic
Proceedings.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., Mackinlay, Jock D. Information
Visualization using 3D interactive animation.  Communications of the
ACM, vol. 36, no. 4, April 1993.  - includes information on the
"Perspective Wall" project.
#CITATION_END#

#CITATION#
Fairchild, Kim Michael.  <A
HREF="http://panda.iss.nus.sg:8000/kids/fair/webdocs/viz/viz-22.html">
Xerox PARC's Animated 3D Visualizations: The Perspective Wall and The
Cone Tree</A> Feb 1996.
#CITATION_END#

#PROJECT#
<A
HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/1997/patientrecord.html">
Lifelines</A> University of Maryland - a resource for visualizing medical
patient records.  Also, there is the 1995 version of the project found
at <A
HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/1995/youth-services.html">Lif
elines 1995</a>.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF="http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/softviz/parviz/polka.html">POLKA
Animation System</A> Georgia Tech - A general purpose animation system
suited to building animations of programs, algorithms, and computations.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF="http://www.almaden.ibm.com/watson/pv/pv.html">Program
Visualization at IBM Research</A> IBM's Software visualization tools that
provide continuous graphic presentation of state and progress.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF="http://coho.stanford.edu/~hassan/Personal/vh.html">The
Visible Hospital</A> A 3-Dimensional medical data visualization of
temporal/spatial relationships.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A
HREF="http://www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/xczheng/moviewall.html">Movie
Wall</A> Indiana University - A wall for displaying frames in a movie
in much the same way as Xerox's perspective wall.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A
HREF="http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Visualization/Software/VPLA/">Visual
Programming Language for Animation (VPLA)</A> Cornell - Software application
for constructing dynamic hierarchical scenes.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~eileen/research.html">The Animation
Choreographer</A> Washington University in St. Louis - Graphical and
interactive tool that supports the visualization of parallel and
distributed programs from a variety of temporal perspectives.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A
HREF="http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/freeman/lifestreams.html">Lifestreams</a>
Yale - A software architecture that seeks to manage documents and electronic
events.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF="http://tower.lcs.mit.edu/~richard/eddie/StreamerIntro3.html">
VideoStreamer</a> MIT Media Lab's new way of working with video time
through a video streamer and video scrapbook.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF ="http://www.tc.cornell.edu/~devine/forest.html"> SORTIE
Simulation</A> Cornell and Princeton - A joint collaboration that
provides a simulation that models the growth of a forest.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF =" http://sokrates.ani.univie.ac.at/ani/research/Monit.html">
Monitoring Parallel Programs with InHouse</A> Institute of Applied
Computer Science and Information Systems - A tool that monitors the
behavior of parallel programs.
#PROJECT_END#

#PROJECT#
<A HREF
="http://www.ie.utoronto.ca/IE/HF/CEL/projects/TIME94.html">TIME
94</A> University of Toronto - Integrating temporal information and
ecological interface design.
#PROJECT_END#

#PRODUCT#
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/expedia/planner/">Microsoft Expedia
TripPlanner98</A> Microsoft's travel resource provides a trip
planning tool for the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
#PRODUCT_END#

#PRODUCT#
<A HREF="http://www.aecsoft.com/">FastTrack Schedule 5.0</A> AEC
Software, Inc. presents their solution to project scheduling.
#PRODUCT_END#

#PRODUCT#
<A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/project/98demo/default.htm">Microsoft
Project 98</A> Microsoft's attempt to help users organize projects and
provide several different kinds of project visualization.
#PRODUCT_END#

#PRODUCT#
<A HREF="http://www.scitor.com/ps7/ps7excite.htm"> Project Scheduler 7
</A> Scitor Corporation presents their solution to real-world
scheduling problems.
#PRODUCT_END#

#PRODUCT#
<A HREF="http://www.mirrorworlds.com/products/">Lifestreams</a> Mirror
Worlds Technologies' Lifestreams technology which seeks to simplify
information management with a time-ordered view of documents and data
sources.
#PRODUCT_END#

#VIDEO#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/video96.html">
Life-Lines '96 (HCIL)</a> Life-Lines: Visualizing Personal Histories -
Brett Milash, Catherine Plaisant, and Anne Rose.
#VIDEO_END#

#VIDEO#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/video95.html">
Life-Lines '95 (HCIL)</a> Life-Lines: Visualizing Personal Histories -
Brett Milash and Anne Rose.
#VIDEO_END#

#VIDEO#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/video96.html">
Visualizing Youth Services Information '96 (HCIL)</a> Designing
Interfaces for Youth Services Information Management - Jason Ellis,
Catherine Plaisant, and Anne Rose.
#VIDEO_END#

#VIDEO#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/video95.html">
Visualizing Youth Services Information '95 (HCIL)</a> Using Dynamic
Queries for Youth Services Information - Anne Rose and Ajit
Vanniamparampil.
#VIDEO_END#

#VIDEO#
<A HREF="http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/hcil/Research/video93.html">
Dynamaps '93 (HCIL)</a> Dynamaps: Dynamic Queries on a Health Statistics
Atlas - Catherine Plaisant and Vinit Jain.
#VIDEO_END#