SHORE 2001:The Menu Design and Navigational Efficiency of the E-Maryland Portal

T-Test for each task (version 1 and version 2 : menu interface)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 1

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	20.25	29.00
Variance	186.21	51.14
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	11.00
t Stat	-1.61
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.07
t Critical one-tail	1.80
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.14
t Critical two-tail	2.20

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 2

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	50.00	44.00
Variance	807.14	2613.14
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	11.00
t Stat	0.29
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.39
t Critical one-tail	1.80
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.78
t Critical two-tail	2.20

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 3

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	46.50	49.50
Variance	834.86	3461.14
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	10.00
t Stat	-0.13
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.45
t Critical one-tail	1.81
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.90
t Critical two-tail	2.23

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 4

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	29.63	47.25
Variance	1317.70	1284.50
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	14.00
t Stat	-0.98
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.17
t Critical one-tail	1.76
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.35
t Critical two-tail	2.14

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 5

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	18.63	6.13
Variance	162.84	1.84
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	7.00
t Stat	2.76
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.01
t Critical one-tail	1.89
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.03
t Critical two-tail	2.36

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 6

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	127.75	63.75
Variance	4053.93	3638.50
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	14.00
t Stat	2.06
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.03
t Critical one-tail	1.76
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.06
t Critical two-tail	2.14

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 7

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	140.13	152.13
Variance	1550.98	3132.70
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	13.00
t Stat	-0.50
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.31
t Critical one-tail	1.77
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.63
t Critical two-tail	2.16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 8

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	19.38	12.25
Variance	131.13	58.21
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	12.00
t Stat	1.46
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.08
t Critical one-tail	1.78
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.17
t Critical two-tail	2.18

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 9

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	58.25	103.88
Variance	1044.79	6526.70
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	9.00
t Stat	-1.48
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.09
t Critical one-tail	1.83
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.17
t Critical two-tail	2.26

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 10

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	89.75	59.25
Variance	5019.64	3231.93
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	13.00
t Stat	0.95
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.18
t Critical one-tail	1.77
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.36
t Critical two-tail	2.16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 11

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	44.00	59.00
Variance	2374.00	1304.57
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	13.00
t Stat	-0.70
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.25
t Critical one-tail	1.77
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.50
t Critical two-tail	2.16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 12

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	95.50	101.38
Variance	5531.43	4056.84
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	14.00
t Stat	-0.17
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.43
t Critical one-tail	1.76
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.87
t Critical two-tail	2.14

T-Test for each task (version 2 and version 3: link hierarchy)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 1

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	29.00	11.50
Variance	51.14	88.29
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	13.00
t Stat	4.19
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.00
t Critical one-tail	1.77
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.00
t Critical two-tail	2.16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 2

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	44.00	19.13
Variance	2613.14	53.27
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	7.00
t Stat	1.36
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.11
t Critical one-tail	1.89
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.22
t Critical two-tail	2.36


t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 3

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	49.50	11.25
Variance	3461.14	131.64
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	8.00
t Stat	1.80
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.05
t Critical one-tail	1.86
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.11
t Critical two-tail	2.31

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 4

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	47.25	17.63
Variance	1284.50	142.27
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	9.00
t Stat	2.22
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.03
t Critical one-tail	1.83
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.05
t Critical two-tail	2.26

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 5

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	6.13	19.50
Variance	1.84	571.14
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	7.00
t Stat	-1.58
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.08
t Critical one-tail	1.89
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.16
t Critical two-tail	2.36

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 6

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	63.75	15.25
Variance	3638.50	70.79
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	7.00
t Stat	2.25
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.03
t Critical one-tail	1.89
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.06
t Critical two-tail	2.36

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 7

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	152.13	83.75
Variance	3132.70	2166.50
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	14.00
t Stat	2.66
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.01
t Critical one-tail	1.76
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.02
t Critical two-tail	2.14

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 8

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	12.25	28.75
Variance	58.21	225.64
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	10.00
t Stat	-2.77
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.01
t Critical one-tail	1.81
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.02
t Critical two-tail	2.23

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 9

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	103.88	53.75
Variance	6526.70	1411.36
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	10.00
t Stat	1.59
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.07
t Critical one-tail	1.81
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.14
t Critical two-tail	2.23

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 10

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	59.25	35.50
Variance	3231.93	2065.43
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	13.00
t Stat	0.92
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.19
t Critical one-tail	1.77
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.37
t Critical two-tail	2.16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 11

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	59.00	21.75
Variance	1304.57	531.64
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	12.00
t Stat	2.46
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.02
t Critical one-tail	1.78
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.03
t Critical two-tail	2.18

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances		task 12

	Variable 1	Variable 2
Mean	101.38	31.25
Variance	4056.84	557.36
Observations	8.00	8.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference	0.00
df	9.00
t Stat	2.92
P(T<=t) one-tail	0.01
t Critical one-tail	1.83
P(T<=t) two-tail	0.02
t Critical two-tail	2.26

ANOVA

Anova: Single Factor		t1

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	162.00	20.25	186.21
Column 2	8.00	232.00	29.00	51.14
Column 3	8.00	92.00	11.50	88.29


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	1225.00	2.00	612.50	5.64	0.01	3.47
Within Groups	2279.50	21.00	108.55

Total	3504.50	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t2

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	400.00	50.00	807.14
Column 2	8.00	352.00	44.00	2613.14
Column 3	8.00	153.00	19.13	53.27


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	4288.08	2.00	2144.04	1.85	0.18	3.47
Within Groups	24314.88	21.00	1157.85

Total	28602.96	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t3

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	372.00	46.50	834.86
Column 2	8.00	396.00	49.50	3461.14
Column 3	8.00	90.00	11.25	131.64


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	7239.00	2.00	3619.50	2.45	0.11	3.47
Within Groups	30993.50	21.00	1475.88

Total	38232.50	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t4

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	237.00	29.63	1317.70
Column 2	8.00	378.00	47.25	1284.50
Column 3	8.00	141.00	17.63	142.27


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	3552.75	2.00	1776.38	1.94	0.17	3.47
Within Groups	19211.25	21.00	914.82

Total	22764.00	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t5

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	149.00	18.63	162.84
Column 2	8.00	49.00	6.13	1.84
Column 3	8.00	156.00	19.50	571.14


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	895.75	2.00	447.88	1.83	0.19	3.47
Within Groups	5150.75	21.00	245.27

Total	6046.50	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t6

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	1022.00	127.75	4053.93
Column 2	8.00	510.00	63.75	3638.50
Column 3	8.00	122.00	15.25	70.79


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	50945.33	2.00	25472.67	9.84	0.00	3.47
Within Groups	54342.50	21.00	2587.74

Total	105287.83	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t7

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	1121.00	140.13	1550.98
Column 2	8.00	1217.00	152.13	3132.70
Column 3	8.00	670.00	83.75	2166.50


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	21326.08	2.00	10663.04	4.67	0.02	3.47
Within Groups	47951.25	21.00	2283.39

Total	69277.33	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t8

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	155.00	19.38	131.13
Column 2	8.00	98.00	12.25	58.21
Column 3	8.00	230.00	28.75	225.64


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	1095.75	2.00	547.88	3.96	0.03	3.47
Within Groups	2904.88	21.00	138.33

Total	4000.63	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t9

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	466.00	58.25	1044.79
Column 2	8.00	831.00	103.88	6526.70
Column 3	8.00	430.00	53.75	1411.36


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	12305.08	2.00	6152.54	2.05	0.15	3.47
Within Groups	62879.88	21.00	2994.28

Total	75184.96	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t10

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	718.00	89.75	5019.64
Column 2	8.00	474.00	59.25	3231.93
Column 3	8.00	284.00	35.50	2065.43


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	11833.00	2.00	5916.50	1.72	0.20	3.47
Within Groups	72219.00	21.00	3439.00

Total	84052.00	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t11

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	352.00	44.00	2374.00
Column 2	8.00	472.00	59.00	1304.57
Column 3	8.00	174.00	21.75	531.64


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	5620.33	2.00	2810.17	2.00	0.16	3.47
Within Groups	29471.50	21.00	1403.40

Total	35091.83	23.00

Anova: Single Factor		t12

SUMMARY
Groups	Count	Sum	Average	Variance
Column 1	8.00	764.00	95.50	5531.43
Column 2	8.00	811.00	101.38	4056.84
Column 3	8.00	250.00	31.25	557.36


ANOVA
Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F	P-value	F crit
Between Groups	24213.58	2.00	12106.79	3.58	0.05	3.47
Within Groups	71019.38	21.00	3381.88

Total	95232.96	23.00