Text Vs. Graphics Formats for Online Instructions

References

Booher, H.R., Relative Comprehensibility of Pictorial Information and Printed Words in Proceduralized Instructions. Human Factors, 1975, 17, p. 266-277.

Dixon, P., Faries, J., & Gabrys, G. The role of explicit actions statements in understanding and using written directions. Journal of Memory and Language 1988 27(6), p. 649-667

Harrison, Susan M. A Comparison of Still, Animated or Non Illustrated On-Line Help with Written or Spoken Instructions in a Graphical User Interface. Proceeding of ACM CHI'95 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 1995 v.1 p. 82-89.

Kindborg, Mikael, & Kollerbaur, Anita. Visual Languages and Human Computer Interaction. Proceedings of the HCI'87 Conference on People and Computers III, 1987, p.175-187.

LeFevre, J.-A., & Dixon, P. Do written instructions need examples? Cognition and Instruction 1986 3(1), p.1-30.

Palimiter, Susan Elkerton, Jay & Baggett, Patricia. Animated Demonstrations vs. Written Instructions for Learning Prodecural Tasks: A Preliminary Investigation. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1991. v.34 n.5 p.687-701.

Shneiderman, Ben. Designing the User Interface. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 3rd Edition.

Stone, D.E., & Glock, M.D.. How do young adults read directions with and without pictures? Journal of Education Psychology, 1981 73(3), p.419-426.

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