Lisa Gill

Media and Popular Culture Studies

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University of Maryland Homepage
[Lisa Gill]

This bibliography will contain the sources used to teach the class titled X, The Movie: The Image Construction of Malcolm X in the hands of director Spike Lee.

African American Filmmakers, African American Films: A Bibliography of Materials in the UC Berkeley Library

This is the website for the non-print media library at the University of California, Berkley. The library maintains a permanent collection of media material including, “dramatic performances; literary adaptations; speeches; lectures and events; primary source recordings, such as historic TV commercials and newsreels; and documentaries, including one of the strongest collections of works by independent film and video makers in the US.” Of interest to our endeavor is the collection of materials on Malcolm X. By going to the bibliography section of the page and clicking on the film Malcolm X, we find a separate bibliography containing movie reviews, interviews with Spike Lee, books on the film, and journal articles on the film. Even more helpful is the bibliography on Spike Lee also containing information on Lee as a director in the forms of books, articles and interviews. This website is interactive as a tool for looking at the film and its director in a scholarly fashion. It also helps to gather a large amount of hard-to-find information in one place; making research all the more possible.
Berkeley bibliography Spike Lee
Berkeley bibliography Malcolm X

Culturalianet

This is a website contains a filmography of Spike Lee’s films. The website, which is written is Spanish, allows researchers to see all of the awards and nominations of all of the films of Spike Lee. The listing also contains the awards and nominations from all over the globe, not just the United States. The usefulness of this website comes from its international flavor. We become fully aware of the magnitude of the film market and the power of Spike Lee’s Malcolm X in the world.
Culturalianet

Culhane’s Work Cited Page

This website contains another bibliography on the film. Although there is some repetition from the Berkeley web-page, this web-page is still helpful. Culhane was an undergraduate when he put this website together and it is an example of a simple web-page with highly useful information, demonstrating his ability and insight.
Lehigh University

Voices of the Shuttle

Using the Voice of the Shuttle website was beneficial in locating a theory background for our work in film and cultural studies. The Marxist theory website is a tool to ground some of the work will we do using the film. This website is one of the most simplistic websites I have seen for Marxist Theory for film. It lays out theory, terminology and most importantly context and reference in a way that is accessible to the researcher trying to develop scholarship grounded in useful theory.
Marxist Theory For Media

Sounds of Malcolm X

In viewing the film Malcolm X and hearing and seeing Denzel Washington’s portrayal of him, we rarely ever think about what Malcolm X himself sounded like. Using this website, we are given some rare soundbites from the man himself. It is important to contrast live footage of Malcolm X with the image that Spike Lee presents. What are the similarities? What are the differences? Are these important to the image(s) of Malcolm X? Questions like these can only be answered analyzing both sets of Malcolm X.
Malcolm X’s Voice

Background Information on the Modern Day Civil Rights Movement & Afrocentricity

These two websites offer academic information on the Modern Day Civil Rights Movement and Afrocentricity. Both are meta-sites offering great on-line resources to find in-depth information on both topics. Since many people consider Malcolm X a part of the Modern Day Civil Rights movement, it is interesting to analyzing a website that has limited information on his role in that movement. For a direct reference we are guided back to the sounds of Malcolm X website. It becomes critical to look at Spike Lee’s role of Malcolm X in the Movement. How does the film and this website differ? Does it really matter? Ultimately, the job of the scholar becomes one of description. It is important to distinguish between opinions of who was a civil rights leader and who was not. In this website, we are made fully aware of the questions and the difference.
On Hinson’s page, we are given more information on Afrocentrics. This page is useful because of the sources it places together on the topic Afrocentricity. Many Afrocentrics use Malcolm X as a symbol of Pan-African leadership and in many ways Malcolm X was. At the end of the film, we hear Mandela and a group of South African students claiming heritage to Malcolm X’s identity. If we are unaware of the link to Africa that Malcolm X established, which the film does not make clear, we are left quite lost at the end. This websites helps to give us a foundation for study of the role of African Americans in Africa.
Civil Rights
Afrocentricity

General Website on African American History

The last two websites are excellent search engines for information on Malcolm X and Spike Lee. Both websites are houses for preliminary information on both subjects and the film and should be a general start for research.
Africana Site
Cornell University