1. Donna R. Braden, ed. And trans., American Home Life, 1880-1930 (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.
2. Foster Rhea Dulles, America Learns to Play (Gloucester: D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1940) 333.
3. ibid., 337.
4. Israel Markfield, telephone interview, 8 Dec. 1996.
5. L.L. Harr, "The Game of a Hundred Intelligences," Asia, Journal of the Asiatic Association 23 (1923): 596.
6. "Mah Jongg Taking Place of Bridge," New York Times 28 Jan. 1923, natl. ed.: 1.
7. "Mah-Jongg," Encyclopedia Britannica, 1994 ed.
8. "Commerce with China," New York Times 9 Mar. 1924, natl. ed., sec. 2: 14.
9. L.L. Harr, "The Game of a Hundred Intelligences," Asia, Journal of the Asiatic Association 23 (1923): 595.
10. "Mah Jongg," Collier’s Encyclopedia, 1988 ed.
11. Ruth Lampland, "New Games for Parlor," New York Times 24 Nov. 1935, natl. ed., sec. 10: 6.
12. L.L. Harr, "The Game of a Hundred Intelligences," Asia, Journal of the Asiatic Association 23 (1923): 595.
13. "Mah Jongg Taking Place of Bridge," New York Times 28 Jan. 1923, natl. ed.: 1.
14. ibid., 1.
15. Ng Mui Cheng, personal interview, 3 Dec. 1996.
16. "Mah Jongg," Encyclopedia Americana, 1994 ed.
17. Jonathan Butler. "The Tiles of Mah Jong." Jonathan's Mah Jong Page. http://www.atdesk.com/jon/mahjong.html (9 Dec 1996).
18. "The Chinese Game of Four Winds." Mah Jongg Home Page. http://www.cs.utk.edu/~clay/mahjongg (9 Dec 1996)
19. Emma Wu, "Mahjong Mania," Free China Review 43.7 (1993): 12.
20. L.L. Harr, "The Game of a Hundred Intelligences," Asia, Journal of the Asiatic Association 23 (1923): 595.
21. "Mah Jongg Taking Place of Bridge," New York Times 28 Jan. 1923, natl. ed.: 1.
22. ibid., 1.
23. Charles Merz, "Mah Jongg," The New Republic 1 Aug. 1993: 256.
24. L.L. Harr, "The Game of a Hundred Intelligences," Asia, Journal of the Asiatic Association 23 (1923): 595.
25. "Mah Jongg Taking Place of Bridge," New York Times 28 Jan. 1923, natl. ed.: 1.
26. Israel Markfield, telephone interview, 8 Dec. 1996.
27. Charles Merz, "Mah Jongg," The New Republic 1 Aug. 1993: 255.
28. "Newport Plays Mah Jongg," New York Times 21 July 1923, natl. ed.: 9.
29. Emma Wu, "Mahjong Mania," Free China Review 43.7 (1993): 13.
30. Kelman, Erin. "Monopoly, Identification." Monopoly. http://otal.umd.edu/~vj14/project3.html (9 Dec. 1996).
31. Ng Mui Cheng, personal interview, 3 Dec. 1996.
32. Gregory Nelson. "Alternative uses to the dining room table." Dining ala Greenbelt. http://otal.umd.edu/~vj26/project3.html (9 Dec. 1996).
33. Books. http://www.cs.utk.edu/~clay/mahjongg/books.html (8 Dec. 1996).